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Protecting the integrity of published research

PrimA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan is committed to preserving the accuracy and reliability of the scholarly record. When an error, ethical concern, or other significant problem is identified in a published article, the journal will assess the available evidence and determine an appropriate response.

Depending on the nature and seriousness of the issue, the journal may publish a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction. Decisions are made with consideration for research integrity, transparency, fairness, and the interests of readers and the scientific community.

Editorial Actions

Correction or Retraction?

The response depends on the nature and impact of the identified problem.

 
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ACTION 01

Correction

A correction may be appropriate when a published article contains an error or omission that requires amendment, but the overall findings and conclusions remain sufficiently reliable.

Examples: relevant factual errors, author details, affiliations, or other information requiring formal correction.

 
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ACTION 02

Retraction

Retraction may be warranted when serious problems undermine the reliability of the findings or when substantial publication or research ethics violations are established.

Examples: substantiated fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, unreliable findings, or serious ethical breaches.

 
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ACTION 03

Expression of Concern

An expression of concern may be considered when credible questions arise about an article but the investigation or assessment is incomplete, or the available evidence is not yet sufficient for a final decision.

Purpose: to alert readers to a significant unresolved issue while further assessment proceeds.

Assessment Criteria

When May Action Be Necessary?

The editorial team evaluates the available evidence, the significance of the issue, and its effect on the reliability, attribution, or ethical validity of the published work. Relevant circumstances may include:

  • Errors or omissions that materially affect the article's accuracy.
  • Evidence that published findings may be unreliable.
  • Confirmed plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, or other serious misconduct.
  • Major breaches of research ethics or consent requirements.
  • Duplicate or redundant publication that materially violates publication standards.
  • Other substantiated concerns that compromise the integrity of the scholarly record.
Editorial Procedure

How Corrections and Retractions Are Handled

01

Identification of a Concern

A concern may be raised by an author, reader, reviewer, editor, institution, or other party. The journal may also identify a potential issue through its own editorial processes.

02

Assessment and Verification

The editorial team examines the concern and available supporting evidence. Authors may be contacted for an explanation or relevant documentation. Independent experts or the author's institution may be consulted when appropriate.

03

Editorial Decision

Based on the findings, the journal determines whether a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or no formal action is warranted. The response should be proportionate to the evidence and the seriousness of the issue.

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Publication of the Notice

Where formal action is taken, the journal publishes an appropriate notice linked to the original article. The notice should explain the reason for the action as clearly as possible, subject to legal, privacy, and ethical considerations.

Transparency and Traceability

Correction and retraction notices should be clearly identifiable, dated, and linked to the affected article. The publication record should remain traceable so readers can understand what action was taken and why.

Fairness and Due Process

The journal seeks to assess concerns objectively, provide relevant parties with an appropriate opportunity to respond, and avoid drawing conclusions solely from an unverified allegation.

Preservation of the Published Record

A retracted article should not be silently removed from the scholarly record. Where technically and legally possible, the original article remains accessible with a clear retraction notice and appropriate links. Exceptions may be necessary in limited circumstances, such as legal restrictions or serious risks involving personal information.